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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforCalibratingaGround-WaterFlowModelApplication
【原文标准名称】:地下水流模式预测校准的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD5981-1996(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.21
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:calibration;groundwater;inversemethods;modeling;residual;trial-and-error;uniqueness;verification;Calibration--wateranalysisinstrumentation;Ground-watermodel;Inversemethods;Verification^
【摘要】:Mostsite-specificground-waterflowmodelsmustbecalibratedpriortouseinpredictions.Inthesecases,calibrationisanecessary,butnotsufficient,conditionwhichmustbeobtainedtohaveconfidenceinthemodel''spredictions.Often,duringcalibration,itbecomesapparentthattherearenorealisticvaluesofthehydraulicpropertiesofthesoilorrockwhichwillallowthemodeltoreproducethecalibrationtargets.Inthesecasestheconceptualmodelofthesitemayneedtoberevisitedortheconstructionofthemodelmayneedtoberevised.Inaddition,thesourceandqualityofthedatausedtoestablishthecalibrationtargetsmayneedtobereexamined.Forexample,themodelingprocesscansometimesidentifyapreviouslyundetectedsurveyingerror,whichwouldresultsininaccuratehydraulicheadtargets.Thisguideisnotmeanttobeaninflexibledescriptionoftechniquesforcalibratingaground-waterflowmodel;othertechniquesmaybeappliedasappropriateand,afterdueconsideration,someofthetechniqueshereinmaybeomitted,altered,orenhanced.1.1Thisguidecoverstechniquesthatcanbeusedtocalibrateaground-waterflowmodel.Thecalibrationofamodelistheprocessofmatchinghistoricaldata,andisusuallyaprerequisiteformakingpredictionswiththemodel.1.2Calibrationisoneofthestagesofapplyingaground-watermodelingcodetoasite-specificproblem(seeGuideD5447).Calibrationistheprocessofrefiningthemodelrepresentationofthehydrogeologicframework,hydraulicproperties,andboundaryconditionstoachieveadesireddegreeofcorrespondencebetweenthemodelsimulationsandobservationsoftheground-waterflowsystem.1.3Flowmodelsareusuallycalibratedusingeitherthemanual(trial-and-error)methodoranautomated(inverse)method.Thisguidepresentssometechniquesforcalibratingaflowmodelusingeithermethod.1.4Thisguideiswrittenforcalibratingsaturatedporousmedium(continuum)ground-waterflowmodels.However,thesetechniques,suitablymodified,couldbeappliedtoothertypesofrelatedground-watermodels,suchasmulti-phasemodels,non-continuum(karstorfractureflow)models,ormasstransportmodels.1.5GuideD5447presentsthestepstobetakeninapplyingaground-watermodelingcodetoasite-specificproblem.Calibrationisoneofthosesteps.Otherstandardshavebeenpreparedonenvironmentalmodeling,suchasGuidesD5490,D5609,D5610,D5611,D5718,andPracticeE978.1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.1.7Thisguideoffersanorganizedcollectionofinformationoraseriesofoptionsanddoesnotrecommendaspecificcourseofaction.Thisdocumentcannotreplaceeducationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessionaljudgment.Notallaspectsofthisguidemaybeapplicableinallcircumstances.ThisASTMstandardisnotintendedtorepresentorreplacethestandardofcarebywhichtheadequacyofagivenprofessionalservicemustbejudged,norshouldthisdocumentbeappliedwithoutconsiderationofaproject''smanyuniqueaspects.Thewordx201C;Standardx201D;inthetitleofthisdocumentmeansonlythatthedocumenthasbeenapprovedthroughtheASTMconsensusprocess.
【中国标准分类号】:P12
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_10
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:GeometricalProductSpecification(GPS)--Surfacetexture:Profilemethod--Metrologicalcharacteristicsofphasecorrectfilters
【原文标准名称】:产品几何量技术规范(GPS).表面结构:轮廓法.相位校正过滤器的计量特征
【标准号】:JISB0632-2001
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:日本
【发布日期】:2001-01-20
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:日本工业标准调查会(JP-JISC)
【起草单位】:TechnicalCommitteeonMachineElements
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:表面处理;粗糙度(表面);几何面
【英文主题词】:roughness(surface);geometricsurfaces;surfacetreatment
【摘要】:この規格は,輪郭曲線測定のための位相補償フィルタの特性につい又規定する。特に,輪郭曲線に含まれる長波長成分及び短波長成分を分離する方法について規定する。備考この規格の対応国際規格を,次に示す。なお,対応の程度を表す記号は,ISO/IECGuide21に基づき,IDT(一致している),MOD(修正している),NEQ(同等でない)とする。
【中国标准分类号】:J04
【国际标准分类号】:17_040_20
【页数】:14P;A4
【正文语种】:日语